閱讀理解得分低，往往是因?yàn)槲恼驴床欢恼轮械木渥又噪y以理解，有許多原因，其中一個(gè)主要原因是句子太長(zhǎng)或者句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜。句子過(guò)長(zhǎng)或者復(fù)雜通常是該句除了主干之外還包含了一些附加部分，如插入語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、分隔現(xiàn)象、各種從句或較長(zhǎng)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)等等。下面我們來(lái)談?wù)剮追N英語(yǔ)閱讀長(zhǎng)難句的處理方法。
一般情況下，一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)形式的動(dòng)詞對(duì)應(yīng)其動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者(主語(yǔ))，我們可以根據(jù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的意義來(lái)確定其主語(yǔ)。而且，如果一個(gè)句子中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的謂語(yǔ)形式的動(dòng)詞，則該句可以是并列句或復(fù)合句(并列謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的情況除外)。如：People feared that weakening a 21-year-old ban on the sale of ivory would encourage illegal hunting and hurt elephant populations.【句意】二十一年來(lái)，象牙交易一直被明令禁止，人們擔(dān)心削弱這一禁令會(huì)助長(zhǎng)非法捕獵，導(dǎo)致大象數(shù)量減少。【分析】that 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是encourage和hurt，根據(jù)邏輯意義，可知encourage和hurt 的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)weakening a 21-year-old ban on the sale of ivory。一般情況下，一個(gè)句子中的主句所表達(dá)的信息為主要信息，從句、狀語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)等所表達(dá)的信息為次要信息。若句子的主干提煉不出來(lái)，就不能完全把握句子的核心意義，從而導(dǎo)致思維混亂，主次不分。如：Economists from the University of Sussex analysed findings from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, a 15-year research project charting the fortunes of a group of thousands of teenagers who attended high schools in the US in the mid-1990s.【句意】來(lái)自薩塞克斯大學(xué)的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們分析了國(guó)家青少年健康縱向研究的研究結(jié)果，這項(xiàng)研究是一個(gè)歷時(shí)15年的課題，它記錄了數(shù)千名在美國(guó)20世紀(jì)90年代中期上中學(xué)的一組青少年的財(cái)產(chǎn)情況。【分析】句子主干為Economists analysed findings。from the University of Sussex 作economists的定語(yǔ);from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health 作findings的定語(yǔ);a 15-year research project作the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health 的同位語(yǔ);charting ... 作project 的定語(yǔ);who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾teenagers。一些長(zhǎng)句其實(shí)是由若干分句組成的并列句或復(fù)合句。而這些并列句或復(fù)合句之間需要一些關(guān)聯(lián)詞來(lái)連接。如果我們找準(zhǔn)這些關(guān)聯(lián)詞，就能夠弄清楚句與句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，分別弄清主句的意義和從句的意義，則長(zhǎng)句就容易對(duì)付得多了。要掌握此方法必須對(duì)英語(yǔ)中的常見(jiàn)的關(guān)聯(lián)詞諳熟于心。如：Whether you get along well with your professors or not has a huge effect on your self growth as it is a measure of how well you can respect authority and obey requirements.【句意】你與教授相處是否融洽對(duì)你的自身發(fā)展起著重要的作用，因?yàn)檫@是衡量你是否尊重權(quán)威和服從要求的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。【分析】此句為復(fù)合句，句中whether引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，as 引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，how well 引導(dǎo)從句作介詞of 的賓語(yǔ)。有時(shí)一個(gè)長(zhǎng)句或難句是由一個(gè)或多個(gè)搭配構(gòu)成，而且這些搭配中常常出現(xiàn)分隔現(xiàn)象。讀者若受分隔現(xiàn)象的干擾而看不清句子的本來(lái)面目，則對(duì)句意的理解就會(huì)發(fā)生偏差。如：Some companies have made the manufacturing of clean and safe products, to some degree, their main selling points and emphasize it in their advertising.【句意】一些公司把生產(chǎn)的衛(wèi)生的、安全的產(chǎn)品，從某種程度上說(shuō)，當(dāng)作他們的賣點(diǎn)，并在廣告中強(qiáng)調(diào)這一點(diǎn)。【分析】其實(shí)本句是一個(gè)“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”句型“make+ 賓語(yǔ) + 賓補(bǔ)”，即“使……成為……”，只不過(guò)賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)被“to some degree”隔開(kāi)而已。總之，在碰到長(zhǎng)句和難句時(shí)，要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況靈活運(yùn)用上述方法，在平時(shí)閱讀過(guò)程中要加強(qiáng)對(duì)長(zhǎng)句和難句的句法分析訓(xùn)練。有時(shí)要幾種方法綜合使用才能正確理解句意。如：The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions.【句意】一種文化背景下的人不像另一種文化背景下的人一樣直率地表達(dá)他們的情感，這一事實(shí)并不意味著他們沒(méi)有這些情感。【分析】本句的主干為The fact does not mean that ...，其中，that they do not experience emotions 是從句作mean 的賓語(yǔ)。that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another 為fact 的同位語(yǔ)從句，其中as do members of another 是狀語(yǔ)從句，助動(dòng)詞do 位于主語(yǔ)members of another 前形成倒裝，主語(yǔ)后省略了express their emotions。分析長(zhǎng)難句對(duì)于提高英語(yǔ)閱讀水平有著非常重要的作用，今天分享歷年高考英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)難句100例，大家可以運(yùn)用上面講的方法好好讀一讀、分析分析，希望對(duì)你有幫助。1.First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique.這個(gè)定理，先是由十七世紀(jì)法國(guó)數(shù)學(xué)家皮爾法特提出，曾使一批杰出的數(shù)學(xué)大師為難，包括一位法國(guó)女科學(xué)家，她在解決這個(gè)難題方面取得了重大的進(jìn)展，她曾女扮男裝為了能夠在伊科爾理工學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)。簡(jiǎn)析：夾雜過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)，現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞及兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。2. It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime. That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet.由于因特網(wǎng)的使用，計(jì)算所使用的紙張的數(shù)量是很難的，然而幾乎任何在辦公室工作的人能告訴你，當(dāng)引進(jìn)電子郵件后，打印機(jī)就開(kāi)始超時(shí)工作。也就是說(shuō)近年來(lái)人們對(duì)于紙張的日益需求主要是由于因特網(wǎng)越來(lái)越多的使用。簡(jiǎn)析：夾雜較復(fù)雜的句型結(jié)構(gòu)，關(guān)鍵詞just about幾乎;overtime超時(shí)地。3. Perhaps the best sign of how computer and internet use pushes up demand for paper comes from the high-tech industry itself, which sees printing as one of its most promising new market.或許，表明電腦及因特網(wǎng)使用促進(jìn)人們對(duì)于紙張的需求的最好跡象源于高科技產(chǎn)業(yè)本身，印刷業(yè)被認(rèn)為是高科技產(chǎn)業(yè)極有前景的新市場(chǎng)之一。簡(jiǎn)析：夾雜較復(fù)雜的句型結(jié)構(gòu)，關(guān)鍵詞promising有前途的。4. The action group has also found acceptable paper made from materials other than wood, such as agricultural waste.這個(gè)行動(dòng)組也發(fā)現(xiàn)一種人們可接受的紙，制成這種紙的原料不是木料，而是農(nóng)業(yè)廢料。簡(jiǎn)析：關(guān)鍵詞other than而不是。5. Mostly borrowed from English and Chinese, these terms are often changed into forms no longer understood by native speakers.這些術(shù)語(yǔ)，主要從英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)引入，經(jīng)常會(huì)變成不再被說(shuō)本族語(yǔ)的人們理解的形式。簡(jiǎn)析：關(guān)鍵詞term術(shù)語(yǔ)。6. It is one of many language books that are now flying off booksellers’ shelves.它是現(xiàn)在很暢銷的許多外語(yǔ)書(shū)中的一本。7. The mass media and government white papers play an important part in the spread of foreign words.大眾傳播媒介和政府白皮書(shū)(正式報(bào)告)在外國(guó)詞傳播過(guò)程中起重要作用。簡(jiǎn)析：關(guān)鍵詞the mass media and government white papers大眾傳播媒介和政府白皮書(shū)(正式報(bào)告)。8.Tales from Animal Hospital will delight all fans of the programme and anyone who was a lively interest in their pet, whether it be a cat 、dog or snake!來(lái)自動(dòng)物醫(yī)院(這個(gè)電視節(jié)目)的故事(這本書(shū))，將使這個(gè)電視節(jié)目的愛(ài)好者以及對(duì)無(wú)論是貓、狗還是蛇這類寵物有濃厚興趣的任何人感到高興。簡(jiǎn)析：關(guān)鍵詞fans…愛(ài)好者，whether…or…，無(wú)論是…還是…。9. Newton is shown as a gifted scientist with very human weaknesses who stood at the point in history where magic ended and science began.牛頓被證明是一位很有才華的科學(xué)家，他處于一個(gè)魔術(shù)終結(jié)科學(xué)開(kāi)啟的歷史時(shí)期，他也有普通人所特有的弱點(diǎn)。簡(jiǎn)析：夾雜兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。10. But for all the texts that are written, stored and sent electronically, a lot of them are still ending up on paper.但對(duì)于所有這些以電子手段記錄，貯存及傳遞的文本而言，許多文本仍要(打印)在紙上。簡(jiǎn)析：關(guān)鍵詞text文本;end up最后成為(處于)。11.With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence, according to Intermountain Therapy Animals(ITA) in salt Lake City.據(jù)鹽湖城的ITA的觀點(diǎn)，閃爍的棕色眼睛，搖著尾巴，并有無(wú)條件的愛(ài)心，狗能成為無(wú)判斷力的(忠實(shí)的)聽(tīng)者，這是剛開(kāi)始搞閱讀的小孩所需要的。簡(jiǎn)析：夾雜with構(gòu)成的介詞短語(yǔ)及過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)。12. The Salt Lake City public library is sold on the idea.這家鹽湖城公共圖書(shū)館接受這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。簡(jiǎn)析：關(guān)鍵詞sell on (to)使接受。13. Discovered by the Portuguese admiral of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred.這個(gè)島嶼，于1506年被同名的葡萄牙上將發(fā)現(xiàn)，在1810年有人居住，現(xiàn)在屬于英國(guó)，人口數(shù)有幾百人。簡(jiǎn)析：有兩個(gè)過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。14. They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years, giving them plenty of time to build more than 1000 huge stone figures, called moat, for which the island is most famous.他們已有一千多年與外界沒(méi)有聯(lián)系，這給他們充足的時(shí)間來(lái)修建1000多座巨大的石像，被稱為莫艾，因?yàn)橛羞@個(gè)東西這個(gè)島嶼極其出名。簡(jiǎn)析：夾雜有現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)，過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)及定語(yǔ)從句。15. Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10 and they’re very interactive and creative in that they build a sense of drama based on a subject.我們的(生日)聚會(huì)針對(duì)兩到十歲的小孩，它們互動(dòng)感強(qiáng)，富有創(chuàng)新，因?yàn)樗鼈兡芑谝粋€(gè)主題構(gòu)建一種戲劇的氛圍。簡(jiǎn)析：關(guān)鍵詞aim for 針對(duì);in that 在于。16. The most important idea behind the kind of party planning described here is that it brings parents and children closer together.在這里敘述的這種籌備(生日)聚會(huì)的計(jì)劃所帶有的最重要的觀點(diǎn)在于它能讓父母和孩子的關(guān)系更加密切。簡(jiǎn)析：夾雜過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)及表語(yǔ)從句。17.He had realized that the words: “one of six to eight” under the first picture in the book connected the hare in some way to Katherine of Aragon, the first of Henry VIII’s six wives.他曾認(rèn)識(shí)到那本書(shū)里第一幅圖畫下面的那些詞“一、六、八”在某些方面將這個(gè)野兔和阿拉甘的凱撒英，即亨利八世的六個(gè)妻子當(dāng)中的第一個(gè)妻子，聯(lián)系起來(lái)。簡(jiǎn)析：夾雜賓語(yǔ)從句及過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)。18.Until one day he came across two stone crosses in Ampthill park and learnt that they had been built in her honor in 1773.直到有一天他在阿帕斯?fàn)柟珗@碰巧看見(jiàn)兩個(gè)石制的十字架，他才懂得在1773年修建這兩個(gè)十字架是為了向她表示敬意。簡(jiǎn)析：關(guān)鍵詞come across碰巧遇見(jiàn)，in one’s honor紀(jì)念某人。19. It is Sue Townsend’s musical play, based on her best-selling book.它是蘇珊·湯森德的音樂(lè)劇本，根據(jù)她暢銷的小說(shuō)改編的。簡(jiǎn)析：關(guān)鍵詞best-selling 暢銷的。20. Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend, and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business.戈德是對(duì)有機(jī)食品感興趣眾多購(gòu)買者當(dāng)中的一位，遍及英國(guó)的超市依賴更多像他那樣的購(gòu)買者，因?yàn)樗麄円黾佑袡C(jī)食品生意。簡(jiǎn)析：關(guān)鍵詞count on 依賴。21. Supporters of underground development say that building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earth’s space.地下發(fā)展的支持者說(shuō)在地下搞建筑而不是在地上搞建筑是一種利用地球空間的辦法。簡(jiǎn)析：關(guān)鍵詞rather than 而不是。22. Those who could were likely to name a woman.那些能夠說(shuō)出好朋友名字的單身男人，很有可能說(shuō)出一個(gè)女人的名字。簡(jiǎn)析：省略句who could (name a best friend )承前省。23. In general, women’s friendships with each other rest on shared emotions and support, but men’s relationships are marked by shared activities.一般來(lái)說(shuō)，女人相互的友誼基于相互分享情感和支持，但男人間的關(guān)系以共同參與社會(huì)活動(dòng)為特征。簡(jiǎn)析：關(guān)鍵詞rest on 依靠。24.For the most part, interactions between men are emotionally controlled —a good fit with the social requirements of“manly behavior”.就大部分而言，男人間的交往在感情上受控制，這與“男子漢氣概” 的社會(huì)要求是相符合的。簡(jiǎn)析：關(guān)鍵詞for the most part就大部分而言。25.Whereas a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage, it wasn’t unusual to hear a man say he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.一個(gè)女人最親密的女性朋友可能是第一個(gè)告訴她離開(kāi)一次失敗的婚姻;而聽(tīng)見(jiàn)一個(gè)男人說(shuō)直到他的朋友一天晚上問(wèn)他是否可以睡在他家的沙發(fā)上他才知道他朋友的婚姻已非常糟糕，這是很平常的。簡(jiǎn)析：夾雜多種語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)not unusual=usual; not…until…，直到…才…。26. Before 1066, in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups.1066年以前，在我們現(xiàn)在稱為英國(guó)的土地上，住著屬于兩個(gè)主要語(yǔ)種的民族。簡(jiǎn)析：倒裝句，并含有定語(yǔ)從句及分詞短語(yǔ)。27. If this state of affairs had lasted, English today would be close to German.如果這種情況延續(xù)下去的話，那么今天的英語(yǔ)將和德語(yǔ)很相近。28. We even have different word for some foods, meat in particular, depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked, which Shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming. while the upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating.我們甚至對(duì)某些食物有不同的單詞，特別是肉類，取決于它是長(zhǎng)在田野里，還是在家里準(zhǔn)備煮著吃，這就表明一個(gè)事實(shí)，即薩克森農(nóng)民在農(nóng)田干活，而上層階級(jí)的諾曼人在大吃大喝。29. When Americans visit Europe for the first time, they usually find Germany more “Foreign” than France because the German they see on signs and ads seems much more different from English than French does.當(dāng)美國(guó)人第一次游覽歐洲時(shí)，他們通常發(fā)現(xiàn)德國(guó)比法國(guó)對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)更加“陌生”，因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)跇?biāo)牌和廣告上看到的德語(yǔ)，比起法語(yǔ)更加不同于英語(yǔ)。簡(jiǎn)析： 含比較級(jí)句型結(jié)構(gòu)。30. Some companies have made the manufacturing of clean and safe products their main selling point and emphasize it in their advertising.一些公司已經(jīng)把潔凈安全產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)當(dāng)作他們主要的銷售關(guān)鍵，并且在他們的廣告宣傳中強(qiáng)調(diào)這一點(diǎn)。31. After their stay, all visitors receive a survival certificate recording their success, that is, when guests leave the igloo hotel they will receive a paper stating that they have had a taste of adventure.在他們逗留之后，所有的游客都會(huì)收到一份生存證明記錄他們的成功，也就是說(shuō)當(dāng)游客離開(kāi)小冰屋旅館時(shí)，他們會(huì)得到一份證明，表明他們?cè)鴩L試過(guò)冒險(xiǎn)。簡(jiǎn)析：含兩個(gè)分詞短語(yǔ)，關(guān)鍵詞state表明。32. The major market force rests in the growing population of white-collar employees, who can afford the new service, in other words, Shanghai’s car rental industry is growing so fast mainly due to the increasing number of white-collar employees.主要的市場(chǎng)因素取決于白領(lǐng)工人的人數(shù)增加，這些人付得起這種新型服務(wù)，換句話說(shuō)，上海的汽車出租行業(yè)發(fā)展如此快，主要因?yàn)榘最I(lǐng)工人人數(shù)的增加。簡(jiǎn)析：關(guān)鍵詞rest in 依賴。33. That you won’t be for long means it won’t be long before you’ll have to recycle your rubbish.你不會(huì)等很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間意味著過(guò)不了多久你就會(huì)回收你的垃圾。簡(jiǎn)析：夾雜主語(yǔ)從句及賓語(yǔ)從句。34. These words, I have just made up, have to stand for thing and ideas that we simply can’t think of.這些詞，是我編造的，只是代表我們不能想到的事物和觀念。簡(jiǎn)析：關(guān)鍵詞make up 編造。35. Picturing(Imagining) the future will serve the interests of the present and future generations.設(shè)想未來(lái)有益于現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)的幾代人。簡(jiǎn)析：關(guān)鍵詞picture活用為動(dòng)詞想象，設(shè)想。36. Decision thinking is not unlike poker — it often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think.做決策像打撲克牌，起作用的不但是你怎么想的，還包括別人對(duì)你的想法是怎么看的以及你對(duì)別人的看法是如何考慮的。簡(jiǎn)析：含較復(fù)雜的句型結(jié)構(gòu)not unlike=like not only…but also…不僅…而且…37. The easy way out isn’t always easiest.簡(jiǎn)析：關(guān)鍵詞the way out 解決問(wèn)題的辦法。38.The hot sun had caused the dough (面團(tuán)) to double in size and the fermenting yeast(酵母) made the surface shake and sigh as though it were breathing and it looked like some unknown being from outer space.炙熱的太陽(yáng)導(dǎo)致面團(tuán)面積加倍，酵母使面團(tuán)的表面擺晃嘆息，似乎它在呼吸，它看上去像某種來(lái)自外部空間的無(wú)名生物。39. After all, what lively children wouldn’t settle for spending only half the day doing ordinary school work, and acting, singing or dancing their way through the other half of the day?畢竟，難道這些活潑可愛(ài)的孩子們不滿足于半天搞普通教育的文化課，半天搞表演、唱歌、舞蹈等舞臺(tái)訓(xùn)練嗎?簡(jiǎn)析：反問(wèn)句式，語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)烈。40. Dad, in a hurry to get home before dark so he could go for a run, had forgotten wear his safety belt—a mistake 75% of the US population make every day.爸爸，急匆匆地在天黑之前趕回家，以便他能出去跑步，卻忘記系安全帶—這是75%的美國(guó)人每天犯的一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。簡(jiǎn)析：關(guān)鍵詞for a run去跑步。41.The summit was to mark the 25th anniversary(周年)of president Nixon’s journey to China, which was the turning point in China-US relations.這次高峰會(huì)是為了紀(jì)念尼克松總統(tǒng)訪華25周年，尼克松訪華是中美關(guān)系的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。簡(jiǎn)析：關(guān)鍵詞mark 紀(jì)念。42. Many of the problems are of college level and these pupils can figure them out.很多問(wèn)題是大學(xué)水平，這些小學(xué)生能夠解答出來(lái)。簡(jiǎn)析：關(guān)鍵詞be of college level 大學(xué)水平，figure out解決，解答。43. Rising through the roof is the Tower of the Sun, inside Which stands a 160- –foot –tall Tree of Life.穿過(guò)屋頂矗立著太陽(yáng)之塔，在里面有一棵160英尺高的生命之樹(shù)。44. The present question is that many people consider impossible what is really possible if effort is made.目前的問(wèn)題是，很多人把其實(shí)只要付諸努力就能做到的事情看成是做不到的。簡(jiǎn)析：consider后的賓語(yǔ)后置。45. Ill and suffering as she was after the inhuman punishment, she yet remained so cheerful and confident, eager to devote the little strength left to her to helping the other comrades.她受過(guò)重罰，而且有病，可她卻這樣愉快，這樣充滿了信心，這樣用盡她所剩的力量來(lái)幫助其他同志。簡(jiǎn)析：含有讓步狀語(yǔ)從句及形容詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。46. Freed from TV, forced to find their own activities, they might take a ride together to watch the sunset.如果他們從電視中的束縛中解脫出來(lái)，不得不自己安排活動(dòng)，他們可能會(huì)全家驅(qū)車去看日落。簡(jiǎn)析：含有兩個(gè)過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)。47. I went around to the front of the house, sat down on the steps, and, the crying over, I ached, And my father must have hurt, too, a little.我繞到房子的前面，坐在臺(tái)階上，哭了一陣之后，我感到陣陣心痛，我的父親心里肯定也有一點(diǎn)不好受。簡(jiǎn)析：動(dòng)作描寫，情真意切。48. It covered the whole distance from broken –hearted misery to bursting happiness—too fast.先是令人心碎的痛苦，繼而是極度的喜悅，從一個(gè)極端到另一個(gè)極端—變換得實(shí)在太快了。49.Still, he could not help thinking that if anything should happen, the nearest person he contact by radio, unless there was a ship nearby, would be on an island 885 miles away.他禁不住尋思起來(lái)，要是果真有什么意外，除非附近有條船，他用無(wú)線電能聯(lián)系上的最近的人遠(yuǎn)在885英里以外的島上。50. After all, eighty was a special birthday, another decade lived or endured, just as you choose to look at it.八十大壽，畢竟非同一般，不管怎么說(shuō)你又活了十年，或者說(shuō)熬了十年，是活還是熬，全在于你怎么看了。簡(jiǎn)析：關(guān)鍵詞endure (stand; bear; put up with)忍受。51. News reports say peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agreement reached.新聞報(bào)道說(shuō)這兩個(gè)國(guó)家的和平談判失敗,沒(méi)有達(dá)成協(xié)議。簡(jiǎn)析：關(guān)鍵詞break down失敗，reach an agreement達(dá)成協(xié)議。52. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once have they quarreled with each other.這對(duì)老年夫婦結(jié)婚40年了，兩人從來(lái)沒(méi)有一次爭(zhēng)吵。53. After all, Ed’s idea of exercise has always been nothing more effort-making than lifting a fork to his mouth.要記住的是，伊德搞鍛煉的想法根本沒(méi)有進(jìn)餐使用刀叉那么費(fèi)力。54.As a result , at the point in our game when I’d have figured on (predicted) the score to be about 9 to 1 in my favor , it was instead 7 to 9 — and Ed was leading.就在我們比賽之前，我曾預(yù)料這場(chǎng)比賽對(duì)我有利，比分大概是9比1，結(jié)果比分反而是7比9，伊德暫時(shí)領(lǐng)先。簡(jiǎn)析：關(guān)鍵詞figure on預(yù)計(jì)，估計(jì);in one’s favor對(duì)某人有利。55.So when Ed arrived for our game not only with the bottom of his shirt gathered inside his trousers but also with a stomach you could hardly notice , I was so surprised that I was speechless , my cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape .因此當(dāng)伊德來(lái)參加我們的比賽時(shí),我發(fā)現(xiàn)他不僅將襯衫的底部扎進(jìn)褲里,而且?guī)缀踝⒁獠坏剿亩亲?我感到很驚奇,以致無(wú)話可說(shuō),我的表弟過(guò)去一定努力把自己訓(xùn)練好,保持很好的競(jìng)技狀態(tài)。簡(jiǎn)析：含有not only…but also…及so…that…的句型結(jié)構(gòu)，must have P.P表示對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的推測(cè)。56.In a way , I think we both won : I the game , but cousin Ed my respect.在一定程度上，我認(rèn)為我們都贏了，我贏得了這次比賽，伊德表弟贏得了我的尊重。簡(jiǎn)析：承前省略謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞won。57. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows what to do with it.據(jù)說(shuō)在澳大利亞土地太多以致政府不知道怎么去處理。58. The research is so designed that once begun nothing can be done to change it.這項(xiàng)研究設(shè)計(jì)得如此好以致一旦開(kāi)始任何事都不可能改變它。簡(jiǎn)析：夾雜過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)once begun。59. The mother didn’t know who to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.媽媽不知道誰(shuí)應(yīng)該受責(zé)備，因?yàn)榇蚱撇Ａн@件事是她不在家里的時(shí)候發(fā)生的。簡(jiǎn)析：關(guān)鍵詞be to blame受責(zé)備。60.When I was in the army I received an intelligence test that all soldiers took, and , against an average of 100 , scored 160.當(dāng)我在軍隊(duì)服役時(shí)，我曾接受過(guò)所有戰(zhàn)士都參加的智力測(cè)試,與平均分100分相比，我得了160分。簡(jiǎn)析：關(guān)鍵詞against 與…相比較。61.We didn’t plan our art exhibition like that but it worked out very well我們?cè)皇悄菢佑?jì)劃藝術(shù)展覽的，但出來(lái)的結(jié)果卻很好。簡(jiǎn)析：關(guān)鍵詞work out 結(jié)果是……62. The home improvements have taken what little there is of my spare time .房子裝修花費(fèi)我的閑暇時(shí)間不多。簡(jiǎn)析：句型結(jié)構(gòu)little of的用法，例We see very little of our children (we do not see them often) now that they are grown up.孩子們已經(jīng)長(zhǎng)大了，所以我們現(xiàn)在很少見(jiàn)到他們。63. Having suffered such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.這條河流已經(jīng)遭受很重的污染，現(xiàn)在要清理為時(shí)太晚。簡(jiǎn)析：含too…to…句型及現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。64. Most believe the footprints are nothing more than ordinary animal tracks , which had been made larger as they melted and refroze in the snow.大多數(shù)人相信這些腳印只是普通動(dòng)物的足跡，這些足跡由于在雪里融化再結(jié)冰而變大了。簡(jiǎn)析：關(guān)鍵詞nothing more than only。65. But if they ever succeed in catching one, they may face a real problem: would they put it in a zoo or give it a room in a hotel?但若他們真的抓住一個(gè)“雪人”的話，那么他們可能面臨一個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)問(wèn)題：他們會(huì)把它放進(jìn)動(dòng)物園，還是在一個(gè)旅館里給它一個(gè)房間呢?66. With production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.產(chǎn)量增長(zhǎng)了60%，公司又經(jīng)歷了一個(gè)極好的年頭。簡(jiǎn)析：含with構(gòu)成的介詞短語(yǔ)。67. The WTO cannot live up to its name if it dose not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind.世貿(mào)組織如果沒(méi)有一個(gè)占世界五分之一人口的大國(guó)加入的話，那么它就不能名副其實(shí)。簡(jiǎn)析：關(guān)鍵詞live up to one’s name 名副其實(shí)。68. It is the ability to do the job that matters not where you come from or what you are.重要的是你做這件工作的能力，而不是你來(lái)自什么地方，或是你是什么身份。簡(jiǎn)析：強(qiáng)調(diào)句型It is +強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that / who+從句。69. How could I ever get him to finish unloading the car without screaming at me and making a scene in front of the other girls, who I would have to spend the rest of the year with?我怎么才能讓父親卸完車上的行李而不向我大喊大叫，在其他女孩子面前出洋相呢?我還要和這些女孩一起度過(guò)以后的日子。簡(jiǎn)析：關(guān)鍵詞make a scene 大吵大鬧，出洋相。70.Dad’s face turned decidedly less red before he could bring out a “yes”.父親在說(shuō)出一聲“是”之前,臉終于沒(méi)有先前那么紅了。簡(jiǎn)析：迂回表達(dá)，心情如釋重負(fù)。71. Soon I heard a sound like that of a door burst in , and then a climb of feet.很快我聽(tīng)到好象是門被撞進(jìn)的聲音，接著是一陣上樓的腳步聲。72. Father took the still smoking pistol from my hand, and fired another shot, which killed the gorilla.爸爸從我手里拿起那只仍冒煙的槍，又開(kāi)了一槍，這才殺死了那只大猩猩。簡(jiǎn)析：關(guān)鍵詞fire another shot 又開(kāi)了一槍。73.It happened that father had sent us upstairs because he thought he would be able to lock the door—which was twenty feet away—before the animal reached it.事情發(fā)生是這樣的,爸爸先把我們送上樓，因?yàn)樗詾樗軌蛟谀莻€(gè)動(dòng)物趕到之前(距離20英尺遠(yuǎn))將門鎖上。簡(jiǎn)析：句型結(jié)構(gòu)It happened that…事情發(fā)生是這樣的…74. He certainly looked the part all right, he thought, as he admired himself in the mirror.當(dāng)他在鏡子前自我欣賞時(shí)，他想他當(dāng)然看上去很適合那個(gè)角色。簡(jiǎn)析：關(guān)鍵詞all right確實(shí)，無(wú)疑。75. He put his head in his hands and tried to remember his lines, but nothing came to his mind.他抱著頭，盡力的想臺(tái)詞，但什么也想不起來(lái)。簡(jiǎn)析：迂回表達(dá)nothing came to his mind=He remembered nothing.76. In fact the more he watched the play, the more he felt himself part of it.實(shí)際上，他越是觀看這臺(tái)戲劇，他越是認(rèn)為自己已進(jìn)入角色。簡(jiǎn)析：句型結(jié)構(gòu)the more…the more…越…越…77. Instead she took a short walk in a park nearby and came home, letting herself in through the back door.反而，她在附近公園散步一會(huì)兒就回到家，她經(jīng)過(guò)后門讓自己進(jìn)去的。簡(jiǎn)析：分詞短語(yǔ)letting herself in 作狀語(yǔ)。78. She settled down to wait and see what would happen.她靜下心來(lái)等，看會(huì)發(fā)生什么事。簡(jiǎn)析：關(guān)鍵詞settle down to do sth 靜下心來(lái)做…79. Picking up the kettle of boiling water, she moved quietly towards the door.她拿起那個(gè)裝著開(kāi)水的壺，悄悄地向門移動(dòng)。簡(jiǎn)析：現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。80. A sharp cry was heard outside as the wire fell to the floor and the hand was pulled back, which was followed by the sound of running feet.當(dāng)那根鐵絲掉在地上，哪只手縮回時(shí)，外面?zhèn)鱽?lái)尖叫聲，接著是逃跑的聲音。簡(jiǎn)析：三處被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)間接描述小偷遭到的懲罰。81. It wasn’t long before the police caught the thief.簡(jiǎn)析：句型結(jié)構(gòu)It wasn’t long before+從句，很快就…82. Then, I noticed a tall man by the door, carrying something covered with brown paper.接著，我注意到門旁一個(gè)高個(gè)子男人，拿著用棕色紙遮蓋著的某種東西。簡(jiǎn)析：含兩個(gè)分詞短語(yǔ)。83. Turning to my next customer, I was terrified to see a gun stuck out of his coat.轉(zhuǎn)向下一個(gè)顧客，看見(jiàn)一桿槍從他的外套伸出來(lái)，我非?？謶?。簡(jiǎn)析：過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作to see的賓補(bǔ)。84.“Smith!” the manager cried out in a voice like thunder “None of your excuses! Go start work at once! ”“史密斯!”經(jīng)理用象雷一樣的聲音大喊，“你不要找借口!給我立即開(kāi)始工作?！?/span>85. Waiting above the crowded streets, on top of a building 110 stories high, was Philippe Pettit.菲力浦帕底特在110層高的建筑物上，人群擁擠的大街上空等候。86. Philippe took his first step with great care. The wire held Now he was sure he could do it.菲力浦非常小心地邁開(kāi)第一步，鋼絲繩承受住了，現(xiàn)在他確信他可以走鋼絲了。簡(jiǎn)析：關(guān)鍵詞hold (vi) 承受。87.And thousands of terrified(badly frightened)watchers stared with their hearts beating fast.成千上萬(wàn)感到很害怕的觀眾盯著看，他們的心跳很快。簡(jiǎn)析：含with構(gòu)成的介詞短語(yǔ)。88. Already she does many things a human being can do.她已經(jīng)會(huì)做一個(gè)人能做的許多事情。89. She even enjoys watching television before going to bed.90. The measure of a man’s real character is what he would do if he knew he would never be found out.衡量一個(gè)人真正品質(zhì)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是看如果他知道他不會(huì)被別人發(fā)現(xiàn)的情況下他會(huì)做些什么事。簡(jiǎn)析：表語(yǔ)從句中還含有虛擬語(yǔ)氣。91.Thirty years after being introduced to McCauley’s words, they still seem to me the best yardstick(準(zhǔn)繩), because they give us a way to measure ourselves rather than others.在我知道瑪考雷名言三十年后，它對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)仍是最好的人生準(zhǔn)則，因?yàn)檫@句名言給我們提供了一種衡量我們自己而不是他人的方法。簡(jiǎn)析：關(guān)鍵詞introduce引見(jiàn)，例：Let me introduce you to the pleasures of wine-tasting讓我給你說(shuō)說(shuō)品酒的樂(lè)趣。92. Few of us are asked to make great decisions about nations going to war or armies going to battle, but all of us are called upon daily to make a great many personal decisions.我們當(dāng)中很少有人被要求作出關(guān)于國(guó)家進(jìn)行戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，軍隊(duì)進(jìn)行戰(zhàn)斗的重大決定，但我們每天都要求作出很多個(gè)人的決定。簡(jiǎn)析：含動(dòng)名詞的所有格形式。93. Here’s a fellow who just walks into a bank and helps himself to so much money.有一個(gè)家伙，就這樣走進(jìn)一家銀行，擅自拿走這么多錢。簡(jiǎn)析：help oneself to擅自拿走。94. Todd thought of the difficulty with which he managed to get the amount of money he needed to start his gas station.托德想起自己的難處，他曾設(shè)法搞一大筆錢，他需要這筆錢來(lái)開(kāi)辦他的加油站。簡(jiǎn)析：夾雜兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。95. Don’t pick up strangers and all your folks in gas stations better not do service to a white Ford car.不要搭載陌生人，加油站所有的工作人員最好不要為一輛白色福特牌小汽車服務(wù)。簡(jiǎn)析：關(guān)鍵詞folks，加油站的工作人員。96. “Fill her up”, the man said sounding like any other driver.“給車加油”那個(gè)男人說(shuō)，聽(tīng)起來(lái)(這個(gè)劫匪)就好像是其他任何一名司機(jī)。簡(jiǎn)析：關(guān)鍵詞sound like 聽(tīng)起來(lái)像…97. It seemed that there was no suitable work for him.看來(lái)對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)沒(méi)有合適的工作。簡(jiǎn)析：關(guān)鍵詞suitable適合的。98. But when John and his fellow soldier came in sight some of the people watching couldn’t help laughing at the one who couldn’t keep pace with the others as they march along.但當(dāng)約翰和他的戰(zhàn)友們出現(xiàn)時(shí)，一些觀看的人們禁不住嘲笑那個(gè)在行進(jìn)中不能同步的那個(gè)人(約翰)。簡(jiǎn)析：句子結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜，關(guān)鍵詞keep pace with 與…步伐一致。99. They not only make it difficult to sleep at night, but they are doing damage to our houses and shops of historical interest.他們不僅使人們?cè)谕砩纤X(jué)困難，而且他們損害我們歷史名勝的房子和商店。簡(jiǎn)析：句型結(jié)構(gòu)not only…but (also) …不僅…而且…100. Hary also studying biology said they wanted to make as much noise as possible to force the government officials to realize what everybody was having to stand.也攻讀生物學(xué)的哈利說(shuō)他們要制造盡可能大的噪音來(lái)迫使政府官員們認(rèn)識(shí)到大家正不得不忍受的東西。簡(jiǎn)析：句型結(jié)構(gòu)as...as possible盡可能地……
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