短文改錯(cuò)是很多同學(xué)的短板，不管練習(xí)多少篇文章都不能準(zhǔn)確的把握短文改錯(cuò)的答題技巧，今天高考君就分享給大家超級好用的高考英語短文改錯(cuò)答題6步法，還附100道練習(xí)題含答案，大家快抓緊時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)吧！
1. 必須熟悉設(shè)錯(cuò)方式：多詞、少詞、錯(cuò)詞。
⑴ 多詞現(xiàn)象大多出現(xiàn)在冠詞、介詞、助動(dòng)詞、連詞、語義重復(fù)及行文邏輯等方面。
⑵ 少詞現(xiàn)象主要出現(xiàn)在冠詞、介詞、副詞、助動(dòng)詞、不定式符號to、連詞等。
⑶ 錯(cuò)詞現(xiàn)象主要在冠詞、介詞、名詞單復(fù)數(shù)、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、非謂語動(dòng)詞、主謂一致、代詞、連詞、詞形。
2. 平時(shí)應(yīng)加強(qiáng)基本功訓(xùn)練，用一個(gè)“錯(cuò)題集”本把自己或同學(xué)在書面表達(dá)中出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤歸納一下，以便考前復(fù)習(xí)。
短文改錯(cuò)與書面表達(dá)一樣，最能反映一個(gè)人的語言功底。大家在該題上失分最厲害，因?yàn)榇祟}而影響英語總成績的占大多數(shù)。
大家應(yīng)把改錯(cuò)內(nèi)容當(dāng)作一篇小短文來理解，這樣能對短文有個(gè)宏觀把握，對上下文有全面的了解。
在理解篇章的基礎(chǔ)上逐句審讀，分析判斷，上下兼顧，把明顯的、拿的準(zhǔn)的題先做完，這樣可以縮小包圍圈，也有助于對全文的進(jìn)一步理解。
1. 查看時(shí)態(tài)是否一致。
My favorite sport is football. I was a member of our football team. 全文都是用的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，此句中的was顯然與上下文語境不符，應(yīng)改為am。
2. 查看主謂是否一致。
Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to borrow them. cost應(yīng)改為costs，因其主語是it(為形式主語)，且上下文均為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
3. 查指代是否一致。
The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.句中的主語the Smiths表的是Smith一家人，因此指示代詞his應(yīng)改為their。
4. 查平行結(jié)構(gòu)是否平行一致。
由and, or, but, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also..., as well as等并列連詞和詞組連接的結(jié)構(gòu)可稱為平行結(jié)構(gòu)。
It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home. 句中的drove顯然與and前面的to meet不平行，應(yīng)改為drive。
5. 查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與修飾詞語或上下文是否一致。
We study quite a few subject, such as Maths, Chinese... quite a few 只能修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，故subject應(yīng)改為subjects。
6. 查行文邏輯是否一致。
Most people can quickly get help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill.根據(jù)行文邏輯，這里不應(yīng)該由since來引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，而應(yīng)該是when / whenever或if來引導(dǎo)時(shí)間或條件狀語從句。
短文改錯(cuò)是有一定的規(guī)律可循的，縱觀近幾年的高考試題及我們平常的模擬考試，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)短文改錯(cuò)主要有以下十大錯(cuò)誤：
1. 形容詞與副詞的誤用。
如exciting與excited，hard與hardly，possible與possibly，here與there等，以及形容詞與副詞的比較級與最高級。
2. 名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)誤用。
如在several，many，various，different，a few，one of等之后，常用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，在every與each之后常用單數(shù)。
3. 代詞的誤用。
如you與your，it’s與its，it與they或them，one與ones，賓格(如me)與反身代詞(如myself)等的誤用。
4. 介詞的誤用、缺少或多余。
常見的如in 與on，to與for，instead與instead of，because與because of等的誤用。
5. 時(shí)態(tài)的錯(cuò)誤。
看一篇文章，要有一種大局觀，要上前下掛，看看上下文的時(shí)態(tài)是否一致。
6. 連詞的誤用。
如or與and的誤用，and與but的誤用，so與but的誤用，because或since與so連用，though與but連用等。
7. 第三人稱單數(shù)后的動(dòng)詞形式。
8. 一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)的誤用。
如so...that被誤用作very...that，too...to被誤用very...to，as...as被誤作so...as等。
9. 定語從句中關(guān)系詞的誤用。
10. 一些常用詞的誤用。
如what與how，except與besides，any與some以及它們的合成詞如anything與something，anywhere與somewhere等混淆不清。
改完后，要回過頭來重讀一遍全文，查看改過后是否能使語氣通順，時(shí)態(tài)一致，合乎邏輯。再次通讀可以在初改時(shí)感覺不順的地方集中精力，仔細(xì)推敲，使答案更加準(zhǔn)確。
在平常的學(xué)習(xí)中一定要注重語感的培養(yǎng)，英語學(xué)習(xí)的根本任務(wù)是學(xué)習(xí)語言，而學(xué)習(xí)語言的根本在于學(xué)習(xí)和習(xí)得語感。語感一旦形成，就為英語學(xué)習(xí)打下了良好的基礎(chǔ)。
語言是學(xué)出來的，所以要學(xué)好語言，一定要多讀多背，尤其是背，它是語言習(xí)得最重要的途徑之一。
單句改錯(cuò).(下列句子各有一處錯(cuò)誤，請改正)
1. Now people get a lot of informations from TV.
2. German is a European country.
3. They didn’t want me to do any work at family.
4. Yesterday I met an old friend of my father.
5. Boys and girls, don’t lose hearts. Do better next time.
6. They are of different size.
7. It is so beautiful place that you must visit it.
8. What a terrible weather we have been having!
9. It took place in France, an European country.
10. Suddenly I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd.
11. What good time we had last night!
12. We shall spend three-day holiday together.
13. I came to understand that was not easy to earn money.
14. Some parents think useless for girls to go to school.
15. When he bought a chocolate cake, he put them in a secret place.
16. One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.
17. It’s important that we should think over before doing anything.
18. The truck was moving so fast that the driver couldn’t control.
19. I apologized and controlled me at my best till the dinner started.
20. We must take part in the social practice to prepare us well for our future.
21. The teacher did not punish for cheating but instead gave me a second chance.
22. Henry did not like his car, that ran badly and often broke down.
23. There was a five-pound note in the pocket of the trousers I had told her to wash it.
24. People can hardly do some fishing there.
25. I visited a place where is surrounded by mountains.
26. I am sure you will find one you like it.
27. It was yesterday when he broke the window.
28. He had lost his glasses without them he couldn’t see.
29. Oliver Twist, the hero of the story, he was an orphan.
30. It starts with choosing a tree from neither a farm or a store.
31. She never has enough time for that she wants to do.
32. I find what I have one shortcoming in my character.
33. What necessary it is that we get rid of the bad habits .
34. It didn’t matter that I would win or not.
35. People in the US drink more coffee than people in any country.
36. The development will bring us much more hopes and chances.
37. The Olympics are held each four years.
38. A summer, Fane traveled abroad.
39. I hope you think about my request as soon as possibly.
40. I know you are particular interested in Human Rights.
41. As there is no air or water, there can be no life , too.
42. There were too many nice things that I didn’t know what to choose.
43. He decides to travel a lot and visit such many new places as possible.
44. I couldn’t see as clear as before.
45. The water in it is so dirty that it smells terribly.
46. I appreciate your help very well.
47. You always gave me specially attention and inspired me.
48. It was until midnight that it stopped raining.
49. People both at home and abroad have been great helped by the new computer.
50. He has to work if he wants to live comfortable.
51. She is a brave and honesty girl.
52. It is much easy to make plans than to carry them out.
53. It is convenient for me to prepare for the exam than before.
54. He gave me an order worthy 15 million dollars.
55. The tree was put into a Christmas stand that holds the tree up straightly.
56. Is teaching kids English as interested as you expected in college?
57. We had guests last night who had not stayed in it ago.
58. We are all very much active and the activities are enjoyable.
59. If you won’t want to take a taxi, you can go by bus.
60. Our city is a modern city. It set up in the early 1980s.
61. Bad habits not come suddenly.
62. I have caught a bad cold for a week and I can’t get rid of it.
63. Following the road and you will find the store.
64. I rush over without delay, jumped into the water and swam towards him.
65. You must do everything you can help them.
66. When a rabbit see something dangerous, it runs away.
67. Its tail, which is white, moving up and down as it runs.
68. Think perhaps I was too tired, I stood up and was going to sleep.
69. I was often tired and watch TV demands little effort.
70. The little girl hurried home with the remained money.
71. His young patient was soon able to get up and ran about again.
72. It was kind of them to meet me at the station and drove me to their home.
73. She liked it very much and reads it to the class.
74. There were over 1000 students attend it.
75. Is it likely to be any food at the party on Saturday?
76. Please excuse us for not able to say goodbye to you.
77. He spends hours on the telephone, talks to his friends.
78. Filling with many people, the room is crowded.
79. At the interview there are many people who wait to interviewed for jobs.
80. It will cost a rocket a hundred thousand years to reach it.
81. There used to have a church in front of the school.
82. Hope you great success in your work!
83. All you can do is encouraging him, show him understanding and offer him advice.
84. In Friday afternoon, some students took part in a speech activity.
85. In a few weeks the story was returned to her.
86. It was very fine when I got up early on last Sunday morning.
87. I rushed out the house as quickly as I could.
88. It is necessary to decide what is worth taking notice.
89. I had difficulty in grammar after I entered into the school.
90. She could hardly afford for the medical care.
91. But we don’t seem to have much time to talk about together.
92. He was punished because what he had done.
93. The ice isn’t thick enough for us to skate.
94. I gave you my luggage at a quarter of an hour ago.
95. I am writing to thank you with your kind help.
96. He means to come no earlier as that time.
97. We must return back to school this afternoon
98. Child as he is, but he knows a lot.
99. Having been ill for a long time, so she fell behind her classmates.
100. Thinking he happened to have no work to do, and he came back home.
Answers
1-5 informations-information; German-Germany; family-home; father-father’s; hearts-heart;
6-10 size-sizes; a place; 刪除a; an-a; 刪除a
11-15 a good time; a three-day; that后加it; think后加it; them-it;
16-20 showed后加it; think后加it; control后加it; me-myself; us-ourselves;
21-25 punish后加me; that-which; 刪除it; some-any; where-which;
26-30刪除it; when-that; them-which; 刪除he; neither-either;
31-35 that-what; what-that; What-How; that-whether; any后加other;
36-40 much-many; each-every; A-One; possibly-possible; particular-particularly;
41-45 too-either; too-so; such-as; clear-clearly; terribly-terrible;
46-50 well-much; specially-special; was后加not; great-greatly; comfortable-comfortably;
51-55 honesty-honest; easy-easier; is后加more; worthy-worth; straightly-straight;
56-60 interested-interesting; ago-before; 刪除much; won’t-don’t; It后加was;
61-65 habits后加do; caught-had Following-Follow; rush-rushed; can后加to;
66-70 see-sees; moving-moves; think-Thinking; watch-watching; remained-remaining;
71-75 ran-run; drove-drive; reads-read; attend-attending; it-there;
76-80 not后加being; talks-talking; Filling-Filled; to后加be; cost-take;
81-85 have-be; Hope-Wish; encouraging-encourage; In-On; In-After;
86-90 刪除on; out后加of notice后加of; 刪除into; 刪除for
91-95 刪除about; because后加of; skate后加on; 刪除at; with-for;
96-100 as-than; 刪除back; 刪除but; 刪除so; 刪除and;
